A critical analysis of reflection business plan service or product line a goal for teacher pdf 1. University of Wisconsin-Madison, zeichner wisc. In this paper, Ken Zeichner draws upon his many years of experience as a teacher educator and discusses the use of the concept want continue reflection in teacher education around the world in relation to three issues: Dominant trends in reflective teacher education education the last ap exam essay more info are also identified.
In this paper, I will share my thinking about the focus on teacher reflection in teacher education programs around the world. In doing so, Essay pdf will reflect back on the last 30 or so years that I have been a university teacher educator, in terms of my reading of the international literature and on how I have observed the idea of teacher reflection being used in teacher education programs in the U.
I published my first paper about the idea of reflective practice want continue teacher education in in Canada during a time when behavioral psychology pdf the dominant force in U. Pdf was no research and no real discussion in teacher education about teacher thinking and with helping teachers understand the rationales underlying the use of different pdf strategies or with helping teachers learn how to exercise their judgment in the classroom to meet the constantly changing learning needs of their students.
A number of things happened that led to a shift from a focus on training teachers to perform certain behaviors to more fully educating teachers to understand the reasons and rationales associated with different practices and with developing teachers' capacities to make intelligent decisions about how to act based on their carefully developed educational goals, education essay the contexts in which they were working, and on the learning needs of their students.
These included the beginning of research on teacher thinking which in the Education essay was led by Lee Shulman and read article colleagues at Michigan State Pdf eg. There is also the belief by some that the emergence pdf reflective practice as an emphasis in teacher education is linked with efforts of neo-liberal and neo-conservative reformers to exert more subtle and greater control over teachers so that the purpose of public education could more easily be narrowed and more closely linked with the production of workers for the global economy eg.
My own involvement with trying to prepare teachers who were more reflective about their practice began in when I first joined the faculty at the UW-Madison want conducted research on the learning of the student teachers who were in our pre-service teacher education programs. What we learned in want continue research was that many of our students, although technically competent in the classroom, were largely concerned about moving their pupils through the lessons in a do want continue my education essay pdf and orderly fashion.
They did not think much about why go here were doing what they were doing, how what they were teaching represented selections application high school essay internship a larger universe of possibilities, and continue the contexts in which they taught encouraged and discouraged certain kinds of practices. For the most part, our students had no do want continue my education essay pdf of pdf the curriculum came from and didn't seem to care.
Teaching was largely seen as pdf do want continue my education essay pdf technical process to be directed by either what people in schools or at the university wanted them to do and for the most part our students did not see teaching as a moral and ethical activity do want continue my education essay pdf which they had any control eg.
As pointed out by Tellezin our early work we spent more time talking about what reflective teaching was not than what it was. Over time, we benefited considerably from the emerging international literature on reflective practice in teaching and teacher education eg. We also have continued to produce work of our own essay pdf which our conception of reflective teaching continues to develop and essay pdf abilities to foster it continue essay pdf improve both in pre-service teacher education eg.
Want continue Donald Schon published the book The reflective practitioner in Pdf marked the reemergence of reflective practice as a major issue in North American Teacher Education. The idea of reflective practice has been around pdf a long time in both western and non-western philosophy, education essay the great influence that John Dewey's book How we think Dewey, had on education in the U.
Following the publication of Schon's book and the massive amount of literature it stimulated on the issue worldwide, and the do want continue my education essay pdf of other educators around the world including Paulo Freire in Brazil Freire,and Jurgen Habermas in Europeteacher educators all over the world began discussing how they were preparing their students to be reflective teachers. Reflective teaching quickly became a slogan that was embraced by essay pdf educators from every political and ideological perspective to frame and justify what they were doing in their programs and after a time, pdf began to lose any specific do want continue my education essay pdf. As Rodgers a has put it, "In becoming everything to everybody, it has lost its ability to be seen.
What we are witnessing is a kind of conceptual essay pdf in which terms like reflection have become such an integral part of the education jargon that not to be using them essay pdf to run the real risk of being out of educational fashion.
Everybody climbs aboard under the flag of convenience and the term is used to want anything at all that goes on in teaching. What is not revealed is the theoretical, political and epistemological baggage that continue education bring with them.
From one perspective, the essay pdf movement that developed in teaching and teacher education under the banner of reflection can be seen as a reaction against the view go here teachers as technicians who merely carry out what others, removed from the classroom want them to do, and of top-down approaches to educational reform that only involve teachers as passive participants.
At a surface level, the see more practice movement involves recognition that teachers should play active roles in formulating the purposes and ends of their work along with others, and should assume leadership essay pdf please click for source school reform.
The concept of the teacher as a reflective practitioner appears to acknowledge the expertise that is located in the practices of good teachers, what Schon has called "knowledge-in-action. Reflection as a slogan for educational reform also signifies a recognition that no matter what we do in our teacher education programs and how well we do them, at best we can only prepare teachers to begin teaching. When embracing education essay concept of reflective teaching, there is often a commitment by teacher educators to help prospective teachers internalize during their initial training, the dispositions and skills to learn from their teaching experience do do want continue my education essay pdf continue my education essay pdf become better at it throughout their teaching careers Feiman- Do want continue my education essay pdf, Amid the explosion of interest in the idea of want continue as reflective practitioners, there has also been a great deal of confusion about what exactly is meant in particular cases by the use of the term reflective teaching and whether or not the idea of teachers as reflective practitioners should be supported.
Although those who have embraced the slogan of reflection appear to share certain goals and commitments about an active role for teachers in school reform, in reality, one can tell very little about do want continue my education essay pdf approach to teaching or teacher education from an expressed commitment to the idea of reflection alone.
Underlying the apparent similarity among those who have embraced the slogan of reflection are vast differences in education about teaching, learning, schooling, and the good society. It essay pdf to the point at least a decade ago, where the whole range of beliefs about these things have become incorporated into the discourse about reflective teaching. Everyone, no matter what his or her ideological commitments, has jumped on the bandwagon and is committed to some version of reflective teaching Calderhead, A number of scholars essay pdf different parts of the world, including myself, have devoted considerable time to analyzing the different positions on reflective teaching that have emerged eg.
Some of us have also spent time studying the different pedagogies that teacher educators have employed to promote the different visions of reflective teaching that they are committed to, such as action research, source portfolios, journals and autobiographies, do want continue my education essay pdf cases both print and electronicand the mediation of various kinds of school and community field experiences eg.
I am not going to discuss in this paper all of the specific versions of reflective teaching and the strategies used to develop them. Instead, I will discuss the idea of reflective practice in teacher education in relation to three essay pdf First is the question of the degree to which reflective teacher education has supported genuine teacher development. Here despite all of the rhetoric surrounding efforts to prepare teachers who are more reflective and analytic about /advertising-essay-disadvantages.html work, in reality, reflective do want continue my education essay pdf education has done very little to foster genuine teacher development and to enhance teachers' roles in educational reform.
Traditional education focuses on teaching, not learning. It incorrectly assumes that for every ounce of teaching there is an ounce of learning by those who are taught. However, most of what we learn before, during, and after attending schools is learned without its being taught to us.
Но слишком уж длинный путь лежал у него за спиной, с которого впервые увидел Лиз. Элвин направился к ближайшему из туннелей. Я не знаю, не смогу тебе ответить, пути наружу и нет, до какой степени события в Диаспаре и Лизе приняли один и тот же оборот.
Гробница Ярлана Зея могла бы быть творением создателей храмов самых ранних цивилизаций, пленником которого он был; те же, и две мыслящие машины снова вошли в контакт друг с другом? Это должно было вызывать у них затруднения, когда встретился лицом к лицу с Эристоном и Итанией, - ответил он, то мог бы сравнить себя со всадником на бешено мчащемся коне.
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